Publish Paper #2: Can Brown adipose tissue regulate glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity???

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is known for its capacity to generate heat in response to cold or diet to maintain thermal balance. The regulated production of heat is called adaptive thermogenesis. BAT is the main tissue for this adaptive thermogenesis in rodents and most likely in human infants.

Cold-stimulated adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to increase energy expenditure is suggested as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. Scientist have recently shown high prevalence of BAT in adult humans, which was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%), suggesting that obesity is associated with lower BAT activity.

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is known to function in the dissipation of chemical energy in response to cold or excess feeding, and also has the capacity to modulate energy balance. To test the hypothesis that BAT is fundamental to the regulation of glucose homeostasis, highly qualified scientist transplanted BAT from male donor mice into the visceral cavity of age- and sex-matched recipient mice. By 8–12 weeks following transplantation, the recipient mice had improved glucose tolerance, increased insulin sensitivity, lower body weight, decreased fat mass, and a complete reversal of high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance. Increasing the quantity of BAT transplanted into recipient mice further improved the metabolic effects of transplantation. BAT transplantation increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo into endogenous BAT, white adipose tissue (WAT), and heart muscle but, surprisingly, not skeletal muscle. The improved metabolic profile was lost when the BAT used for transplantation was obtained from IL6–knockout mice, demonstrating that BAT-derived IL-6 is required for the profound effects of BAT transplantation on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. These findings reveal a previously under-appreciated role for BAT in glucose metabolism.

A MicroPET Study Of Brown Adipose Tissue

Imaging(from left to right):control,obesity,and treatment group

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REFERENCES

http://www.jci.org/articles/view/62308

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Stanford, Kristin I. , Roeland J.W. Middelbeek, Kristy L. Townsend, Ding An, Eva B. Nygaard, Kristen M. Hitchcox, Kathleen R. Markan, Kazuhiro Nakano, Michael F. Hirshman, Yu-Hua Tseng and Laurie J. Goodyear. Brown adipose tissue regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Volume 123, Issue 1 (January 2, 2013). Accessed 12th April, 2013. http://www.jci.org/articles/view/62308

Does One Really Know What Is Arsenic Poisoning??? Lets Learn More…

While doing some research I came across this very interesting article entitled “Arsenic Poisoning”, discussant Michael S. Gorby, M.D, Albuquerque. This article may seem a bit miss leading at first; I actually thought this article was based on two patients who had experienced arsenic poisoning. A 17 years old woman whom attempted suicide by ingesting arsenic poisoning trioxide containing rodenticide and 64 year old man who suffered with chronic arsenic poisoning who was admitted several times in hospitals for various complications.

However, this article instead discussed the chemistry of the element Arsenic, the sources of arsenic poisoning: it’s natural, industrial and administered sources. Also the biochemistry and toxicity of arsenic, the effects of arsenic poisoning whether it is acute or chronic and the treatment of arsenic poisoning were discussed.

So What is Arsenic Poisoning???

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Arsenic is a member of the nitrogen family or group 5 of the periodic table of the elements. It has an atomic number 33 with an atomic weight of 74.9 and is classified as a transition element or metalloid. Arsenic is a natural element found in soil and minerals. Arsenic compounds are used to preserve wood, as pesticides, and in some industries. Arsenic can get into air, water, and the ground from wind-blown dust. It may also get into water from runoff.

You may be exposed to arsenic by:

• Taking in small amounts in food, water or air
• Breathing sawdust or burning smoke from arsenic-treated wood
• Living in an area with high levels of arsenic in rock
• Working in a job where arsenic is made or used

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Exposure to arsenic can cause many health problems. Being exposed to low levels for a long time can change the color of your skin. It can cause corns and small warts. Exposure to high levels of arsenic can cause death.

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REFERENCE

Gorby.S. Michael. 1988. Arsenic Poisoning. US National Library of Medicine. National Institute of Health. Western Journal of Medicine. Acessed 20th March, 2013. 308-315. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1026413/